Pseudo- single on the game

 Text / Ding Xiaoyun, Carol has been in love 20 years, and has been married in 2008, there has been gossip that they have two children education, think of the past 20 years Andy has been publicly declared that he is single, it seems Andy can definitely be called a planet the His fans have threatened to commit suicide. I thought that now that time has no longer someone might fall in love or marriage Xunsimihuo idols, and did not think such people are still there, but I believe the most essential of these fans Xunsimihuo The reason is unrelated to mm and idols live in today, a ruthless competition, the mental capacity of these fans are so poor, I believe things so that they will definitely want to Xunsimihuo endless.
Back to the subject of pseudo-single, Many people can not understand why Andy Lau to be pseudo-single for so many years. Indeed, if Andy was to cause pseudo-single, then Chow Yun Fat, Jackie Chan and Jet Li got married a long time ago, but their career was not affected, And they also have become international stars, but rather Andy Lau, while pseudo-single status remains, but its influence has been largely limited to Asia. There are people that insist on pseudo-single reason why Andy Lau, is to protect Carol, let her free under pressure from all sides, I personally think that this argument is equally far-fetched, but after all I am not a entertainer, so I try to speculate why do not continue to pretend like to play pseudo-King Lau, a single game.
further explore why the next There are many ordinary men like to play pseudo-single game. I am also an ordinary man, in my view, this world is not always the pseudo-single, only permanent interests mm may be mentioned here the interests of the economic benefits, there may be genetic interests and the interests of sexual pleasure.
first talk about the pseudo-single has the potential economic benefits. I am a friend of the students already have a girlfriend intercourse more than two years, but I've heard a lot of this person social situations has been claimed to be single, the result was this man, This person married to with his new girlfriend, with my friend's own words to describe that tone told me that the standard of living that guy back 20 years overnight.
say that pseudo-single has the potential of genetic interests and the interests of sexual pleasure. I recently reading a book called The book, which explores human sexuality and sexual differences of animals, of which I found very interesting is that some animals will play the original pseudo-single game, for example, the majority of pied flycatchers, like humans, are monogamous name The male and female sides will work together to raise offspring. But in the female egg laying and hatching period of time for busy, some males may hide themselves the other female a romance, then it's the The pseudo-single. The man and the biggest difference is that most animals, humans not only for the benefit of genetic mating, the same will be mated to the benefit of sexual pleasure. The reason why so many men play the pseudo-single game, usually either to genetic interests, the interests of sexual pleasure for either, or both.
is human nature because while avoiding disadvantages, so if you want to make a pseudo-single man is no longer playing the game, basically only allow weigh the interests of his own when he found that more harm than good, he will naturally be Jujuezaiwan. On this point, in fact, pseudo-single men and women are the same. so we do nothing more than to distinguish carefully eyes wide open, so as to avoid their own deceived. Of course, if someone willingly deceived, and that there is no way, because nothing is better than love is blind.

Inventory of martial arts martial art - martial arts game planning and writing references ( g)

 South sub-order
Gouloushanjun daughter mandate the establishment of secret organizations. Jiangnan points that the assassination of smell loud voice, thick forests and other ancestors who seized the property of Linda Xiang Chou Duanzhuang on, he owned the heart of the martial South San rein in an attempt to dominate the martial arts. Director Qin aunt, and his sinister and ruthless. Wugong Zhuo's Chu Yuxiang must see through their plot, south of the martial force to defeat. (see Dongfang Yu Northwest chief and Rehe, Chahar, a large gang ground organization. that the Lord is extraordinary martial arts, hot iron Begonia. their arrogance and overbearing, hot flame monstrous, rivers and lakes tremble with fear. Zongtan wind and thunder in Golden Sands Fort. subglottic many disciples, very tight organization, under the altar in the total order, the jurisdiction of the twelfth of that forum (later expanded to round order), and each set so that the main altar of one person, the next four rudders, each with Duozhu one person. there are heaven, earth, dried, Kun Explorer four altar were the thing. This round order, ninety-six Fenduo, spider web all over the place, the total number in the tens of thousands. This is a hard Begonia painstaking efforts, hoping to rely on this to dominate the Central Plains a foundation. However, . (see Yat Siu, Do not stand before the portal. Qingyang Xu real common name, middle-aged monk School Road, eighteen years after the road into, martial arts rising above commoners, even cut in the Yellow River three dragons, famous earthquake. Subsequently, a pulse release Quanzhen EXTRAORDINARY SPLENDOUR martial arts, until the Southern Song Dynasty, Qing Xu Li seventh on behalf of the head to the San people, about three hundred years is not bad.
Qingxudong scattered people pass away, the Quanzhen to the throne, will be sent onto the top Quanzhen. Quanzhen scattered people inherit Qingxudong skills, Click here to see the pressure in the Huashan Mountain I buy, West poison Ouyang Feng, North beggar Hong Qigong, Tai section of the South Kam, won Quanzhen be death, no successor in the Chen Tao teaches his secrets, and finally decline decline. (see Jin Yong peak. Since Yue Su, Cai Zaifeng peeping annexation of the saying, harm and damage has been, at last the potential of micro Huashan School. (see Jin Yong Los successor General Duozhu home. Honghua Hui to anti Fuming for the purpose of helping the incision is: Walled on all Kenjiro W Kong, three King Liangshan one hundred and eight will be. ;, , betray a friend who killed, who killed his wife and daughter kinky people. basin. Fanzao unsuccessful in fighting the plot against Emperor Qianlong, the main saffron stand out, to attempt to cite Xijianghuibu. Honghua Hui's fourteen , Deception deadly sword clean, Senju Tathagata Zhaoban Shan, ponley hand Wentai Lai, Nishikawa Shuangxia brother Bo-Chih Chang Chang He Zhi, Wu Zhuge Xu Tianhong, Tower Yangcheng Xie, Jin leopard Wei Chunhua nine lives, hunchback Zhang Jin , Yuanyang Dao Luo Bing, Sorrowful to a Ghost Dan Shuangying, copper head crocodile scholar Jin Di, Jiang and more than four fish with. (see Jin Yong's Gansu's rivers and lakes in the gang. Zongduo flow uncertainty, a large multi-board located in the water. red leader Sun Hanqing, rarely met with the congregation, but also across the screen even if the meeting will hear. red teach Fenduo over eighteen provinces, each province, ranging from one to five, Hong Tong. to teach the class strict, strict management. ordinary congregation clothing Shangzhui Star, a small decorated two-star winner, in the main Samsung incense, incense main four-star big. teach a total of the Central Plains Church, Kanto Church, Northwest Church, Southwest Church, Jiangnan Tang, SE Church, Church overseas, the Beijing-Tianjin Church eight Church. taught in four elders, decorated with five-star. four elders in addition, there are military advisor, about Supplements, red messengers of eight. the eight people can participate in education policy, to meet with the leader. Zongduo with Shengge team, Meritorious team and Jagged Team. Meritorious Team leader to teach the public face of mimicking behavior, co-founder of the specialized field of a substitute in times of crisis. Jagged team are all leader of leaders, responsible for the assassination, kidnapping, spying on the enemy and internal monitoring services. red to teach the rise in the rivers and lakes, rivers and lakes of their heart is not. start-up time, for the purpose of expelling the Manchus, restore Chinese. because of ambitious, so the congregation were heart sick the world, willing to sacrifice their lives for the Senate. in red throughout the community, quite the financial resources, while the leader and the congregation is extremely frugal life. This is very strange to teach religious rules, in violation of the will as the first major crime leader, Panzhe for the second offense, other congregation of men and women such as marriage and so forth, rather demons color. red, strength and martial arts to teach For the United Qing compete unification of himself doing martial arts attempt failed. founder of Sun Hanqing raised him by the Qing court, the court embarked on a collaboration , the road of confrontation with the martial arts. (hell millet light witch. red door with the powers of specific demons dance. displaying a red light when the light shaking, blurred, are naked women, matched with wonderful music, make a look that can not be made. Revenge of the main door door Wang Yi in almost fascinated by Mo Gong, is fortunate to have a dollar magic of body, side to avoid any eventuality. (see Wo Lung Sheng and created by the island in the Fuso. Its main powers of the door and BI Fuso create a qigong method. Fuso sent from Tang Zhiqing, which lasted thousands of years, divided into three scattered abroad, after having returned to the Central Plains. As head of the once Muzong Tao itself. in re-established camp of the Central Plains Mount Assembly, Fuso split faction, Lin Wushuang head contest to win. After endless internal strife, until the bulk of the East China Sea Gate Supreme older people appeared to help clean house, hibiscus sent into the stable period of development side. ( See Liang Yu-Shen under the Vendetta. counting on his superior martial arts, specifically bullet to save death row, will be composed of Mukden, manufacturing world disputes and incidents in an attempt to dominate the arena first, and later winning country. Jinling total cop nine iron from the degree of ability, such as incompetent, then urge Chu Fragrance run for help. After numerous twists and turns of recourse and thrilling contest, Mukden will Longxiang Hall, Huben Hall, Baifeng Tang, Ying Yeung Tang, Tao Tang and Pathetic Panther team have been destroyed, the self-proclaimed East for the main fact. Dragon martial arts to help round up black sheep, dark through the Qing court, justice professionals and martial arts for decades to maintain the Sima Ling : three rudder; each of the three court used flower dance beat and February, recruited into the Yangfu undercover language. hammer to destroy the dragon will be broken, but also into one and become a December Tangtang Zhu. Although some post-Yang Zheng and other combat power of the dragon will be, but still not eventually find its leader. (see Gulong Evergreen sub-faction head contest with Lin Yuan map, lost in the forest under the evil sword, cited as a great insult, thirty-year-old that dies eventually. younger head off Yucang Hai Lin Yuan Lin Zhennan a descendant chart, snatch Jianpu evil upload, ancient Persians Mani founded Manichaeism, was introduced into China in the 7th century. After the absorption of Buddhism into China some two to teach doctrine in the civil dissemination, development of a religious organization called the wise teaching. Tanghui Chang years forbidden, but still Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and spread along the secret. Since the Tang Dynasty, farmers tend to teach for the organization of the uprising and tools and publicity people. The opening angle for the Education chiefs ancestors teach. Late Tang Dynasty around the state when the popular Chen, Hou Liang Mother B as the end of an uprising. Northern and Southern Sung between the popular Huainan, Liangzhe, Jiangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian and other places, keep organized peasant uprisings and so on. Mani to the original teachings of light and darkness as the origin of good and evil, light will ultimately will prevail over darkness. Catholics Bong Mani was the god of light, and to worship sun and the moon. clothing color is still white, promoting vegetarianism, temperance, naked funeral service thrifty, loving and mutual assistance, that was a Song Dynasty official and private writings of the book is often disparagingly as a Mingjiao contempt hatred taught in narrowly escaped disaster when the destruction, Zhang Wuji Yang magic lean nine-volt, courageous and turn the tide in both the fall, as the wise teaching thirty-fourth Renjiao Zhu, and learned magic Mingjiao Guardian . , king of the four major law enforcement, five scattered, as well as metal, wood, water, fire, earth and five palm flag to flag. (see Jin Yong's too weird evil sly, held in contempt for the gentleman, before the wide open the doors to write the so-called Xiepai also no lack of people in the real man or aggressive Haoqiganyun some of the decent poor exasperating than the despicable character, to elaborate a positive also evil, evil is also, when attached to points between good and evil is irrational and meaningless dialectical point of view. but in other martial arts author writes, ; is entirely the insidious evil incarnate, there is no room for reversing the verdict.
Buddhism among the world's most nondescript help
gang. by the five old monks, five old priest, a total of five old nun fifteen Buddhism scum of the composition. they trying to sell, all kinds of evil, disgraceful Buddhism, Li, after the snow-capped mountains of the Wind Sam Shing to fifteen nails shot. (see Gu br> Xiepai one of the leader is a blood palm Qingzhou, Possessed by a Thousand Faces, Jinghong swordsman known as the cold stone baozhu Tong Tianhao. Tongtian Hao was originally a disciple of Wudang, even for adventure, had a suicide note Laomo evil ways, learning to the art of turning the many malicious and effort, then founded Gabriel to teach. teach brocade red flag to one side, shaped as a square, two gold embroidered unicorn Tai Chi double stick patterns. strict religious rules, list administrator turnover, the first Ye gods card, and then three as Fawu Chen: Five gleaming steel knife handle; a PUYANG eyes, thick worthy encirclement, about seven feet of steel columns; there is a whip. At the same time, the creation of criminal altar to said Gabriel to teach a generation of day-way street, the main purpose of unified martial arts. Tongtian Hao to poison the man who, to win over evil ways people and let them take nine Gui Wan, on a regular basis to give the antidote, hijack their lives for him. Tongtian Hao grabbed orders in the martial arts world of the condensate jasper slotted, the damage rivers and lakes, under house arrest nine martial art world head to send his men to turning the generation of Shenzhou three heroes siege, shocked the martial arts led to the rivers and lakes, the United martial arts justice those who see through the plot leader Gabriel, Tong Tianhao end to the deserted, died in enemy hands, Gabriel taught in smoke. (see TRANSACTIONS The category refers to the power dominating the world. The door of the internal forces of martial arts can be a private operation to ten acupuncture points that finger, firing out powerful. on behalf of martial arts with The first martial arts master known as the world. (see Yat Siu to force the world with the sword Jian solution, otherwise the sword will crash. This set off a reign of terror in the martial arts. Jian Jin Rong Yang AU Zongtan comprises Hall, the torturers until such Fenduo Hall, chief and under the three elders, Eight law enforcement, Twelve Twelve Dragon Phoenix Palace Dianzhu valet as well, Revenge of the Iraqi Union of swordsmen to sub-hierarchy. Junshan meeting, all Ge Wuxiong killed, the dissolution of second-generation chief Zhuge Jin Jian Ying Union. (see TRANSACTIONS swordsman , lawless. Li Xunhuan knife stabbed Shangguanjinhong ALFY Jing beat Shangguanjinhong under the command of the first non-life masters, money to help then tell disintegration. (see Gu composed of an all-woman mystical sect. internal strength of the transmission and dodge Xuangong chase lunar month is both agility rarely seen in advanced martial arts arena. Bai Yue Sect in the martial arts for all people, especially as the sword. thanks textbook on the north of the Hui Jiang, who twice set foot in central China, all to be back, after the set swear, to re-entry based on packing the Central Plains, missionary Shoutu. years later, in order to deal with the DPRK and the eunuch Wei Gonggong disciples playing with toys. (see King Baby and Lin, Bo was able to lead the bypass, take him long to send the results student surpasses the teacher, a hundred years since the leaders of the political arena. Kuocang second Boxer does not pass the secret is. Dingzhao Xiong served as head of the school. (see Hsiao Yi Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan and Shaanxi Province, but may consider only the Songshan Shaolin Temple, although many have been disaster, but the repeated destruction of repeated repairs to keep Wei; and Nine Gates Hill Qing Shaolin was burned, and now only Duanbei residual site only.
South Shaolin martial arts school is one. this school who pass along the Songshan Shaolin Temple as the birthplace of worship, preaching boxing skills that Wu Gongcheng patients, sent troops to burn around the South Shaolin Temple, Master Cheung is only perfection, five people escaped. They passed in Fuzhou compiled a Mo, Li, Liu also points only created four martial arts in Guangdong, southern Shaolin martial arts form the basic content.
Hengshan School
Wuyue Jianpai a martial art, in Hengshan and see the peak, there are Buddhist origin. Songshan Wuyue Jianpai wishing to send one, Hengshan Dingxianshitai determined not from the head to send the results in the side of the Xia Ling, Moon Water Temple two were ambushed and almost annihilated. given the amount was too busy not being Yue Group stab in the back, dying, please take over the Hengshan Linghu. Linghu help solve the problem from the risk of Hengshan Eritrea sent back position, in charge of the instrument clear Hengshan portal. (see Jin Yong's br> Education address in the Liaodong Bay Snake Island, also known as Dragon Island, is the rivers and lakes on the Xiepai organization. founder of Hung-day pass, martial arts inscrutable, self-made Leopard million tires Yijin other poison balls, teaching the public heard of the color change, to become a powerful tool to submit to subordinates. Shenlong to teach under the Dragon, Yellow Dragon, Red Dragon, White Dragon, Black Dragon made by the physical prowess of the active eligible to serve. founder of the token is Wulong order, see see, for example Wulong Order religion. Hong vigorously personality cult of Heaven, to teach the public to be putting the word loyalty, an apostate is pushed into the snake cave. Hung was Ms. Su Quanwei Heaven, a large number Heaven's hero, favorite of boys and girls, young and old struggle finally led to that Dragon to teach to collapse. Shenlong education have participated in the After the Dragon teach the stars scattered, and finally Hong Jiaozhu with a few followers killing each other, die. (see Jin Yong's by Jiang, arrogant palm flag below, divided seat, four, one bedroom. master of clouds, leading all the thousands, very powerful. toxin soul, as revenge feather palace, even the King of Ghosts to death dozens of master flag, anti-Di with Xinjiang. In rivers and lakes set off bloody. Xinjiang after his sister married to poison Di soul with no joy Master, the two sides to shake hands, the King of Ghosts also removed the flag of the plague wiped out. (see Ouyang Yunfei Yan magic bent not from being bought off the traitor and sect of the persons killed. send in experts to be lured into the Huashan Si Yue Buqun cave to observe the sword over the cliff stone, was plotted against no survivors. (see Jin Yong's )
Mountain Pine
five mountains sword in a martial art, is located in Mountain City. Liu Zhengfeng number two elders formed a piano and flute Evil aficionados, also lost genocide Daughter. Heng Yue Buqun all the masters and mistakenly left Five Mountains Zen annexation of cold ambition, but abstinence, swim in the parties themselves. (see Yong martial art created after the nether teach, the desire to dominate the martial arts. nether teach human killing rivers and lakes, fire temple, sparking anger Qunhao. factions pushing Lujing chief for the martial arts, taught to destroy the nether. In Fab Five Ridge, the two sides launched a bloody war Yang Wei and other heinous Great Satan Fu Zhu, nether to teach from the rivers and lakes disappear. (see Wo Lung Sheng rivers and lakes for several centuries. Tang Men are good at design, invention and use of hidden weapon, and get proficient drug. Tangmen ancestor of the Tang Tang Men must be named head of the children as a direct, economic and gowns, beads, stick that Tang Men four treasures kept by the head to avoid harming martial arts, Tang Men reputation impairment.
Tangmen generations living in Tang Jiabao, Tang Jiabao about this test outside the city of Chongqing, Sichuan, under the top ten departments, divisions and refining recipes poison, hidden weapon design and manufacture, antidote production and storage, and security protection, training children, assign tasks, and so on patrol attack . This is part of the top ten were from the Tang loyalists in charge of the ten elders.
Tang of the well-known martial arts for the Qisha deadly whip, the power of flat, only the hidden weapon and poison is unique. It is said that a total of seven Tangmen hidden weapon , rivers and lakes can be seen is often lethal, toxic Tribulus and Lethal sand, on which both quenching is highly toxic, non-Tang of the unique solution and can not cure. Tang maximum super way to use hidden weapon called Rain combination of gunpowder and the new Tang hidden weapon hidden weapon, can launch from people lives, but also air burst wounding. This hidden weapon called the new breed of novels, as described in the Tang family's character and quality vary. Tangmen no documented history of martial arts. (see Dongfang Yu one flower Jianpai
martial arts martial. Song Dynasty, martial arts legend Wu Xiao habitat unique sword with its own well known rivers and lakes. He became famous for arts, after the banks established in Xiu Huanhuaxi Foundation Chengdu, Guangzhou close disciples, known as Huanhua Jianpai. Xiao Wu Yun Shi habitat, its sub-Xiao Lau, Xiao Dong wide mantle of his father, painstaking efforts, the martial arts Huanhua Jianpai strength to become the top ten at the door of the big pie. Southern Song Dynasty, the name of Xiao juvenile Xia Xiao Qiushui out in blue green, growth arena for the generation of Wu Xuezong division orders. (see Wen Jui combination gang. This is a potential gang of five whales to help, Haicheng help, flying Pirates of the Council, Shui Mo Tang and Sanxian teach. sea magic just dominated the entire East China Sea for more than ten years, He is the reputation of the Archbishop. (see Gu a mysterious legend. Where the body into the island will be required to comply with gods that had never carried out a great cause. everyone knows Islanders deep grudges, and finally in Fengman Tian, ​​Long cloth poetry, Nangong Ping's lead, Tinger rebellion, this collapse of the various temples. Yongle Palace-style fanatical if only is an individual bent on, and is pretty harmless, but once the facilities of the opportunity to groups, it is a terrible idea. awesome martial arts is not only within, but also in the history and reality, such a fanatical spread too far by the tens of millions of consequences of various shrines. Gulong of this section may be described in the statements, even if it is recognized with a noble and great idea to abstain from something inherent in human nature, but also as good as a kind of crazy approach. (see Gu, Sannomiya a temple, that temple and the creation veteran Palace, charming house, power house. Where is the teaching elder in the highest seniority, into the house were a total of eighteen veterans. creation Palace in power to dominate human soul; charming house power dominated by man-made destruction, intrauterine do for women, a large array of good set of pure yin, quite powerful; forces destroy the house of people in power to dominate, good shifty Dafa, will grasp the palace into a martial arts master dwarf, its effectiveness. forces house under destruction dominate the congregation is divided into two parts, house slaves and dwarf, house slaves for their cronies, all taught by a competent command of slave house; dwarf shifty Dafa is controlled to make the best martial arts master, the blood bank is divided into slavery, war Library slaves, slaves and women library vault four-part slave. power house forces had invaded the south bank of the Central Plains of the Yellow River and was later rushed to Luosha Guo Zhongyuan martial arts. forces dominate excel at destruction magic palace, after the destruction had to teach from the monstrous red, onto the dead end then return to the Red Sect. in order to compete dinosaurs Dan, mortal Qingchao invasion of red to teach the Central Plains, Central Plains, and Gushi Qi martial arts led war in Taishan, the military destruction. (see Qiumeng Hen
including long whale to help, such as sand to help, active in the Yellow River, is a gangster martial, had orders from the Black Wind 岛主. Puyang Simon Kennedy School Makino Xuedao damage to the gang of the people, force them to surrender themselves to rely on. Gong Sunpu Xuedao for them to cure of the injury, and on behalf of Penglai witch with whom were anti-Mongol invaders Union. (see Liang Yu-Shen Peak City for the headquarters, Mr. Wade white head itself, for the legislature to send the snow-capped mountains of the sword. Xueshan Pai founder Aimei nature, so a lot of snow mixed with sword in plum, plum calyx, Prunus, plum rod shape, and simple while the elegant, the Hu Ma Yueling, no, arrogance, self-righteous Northwest Bai Wanjian leader with cold air, wind, fire, dragon seal Miles and so on. (see Jin Yong's sects, to fencing well known when the world, only to crash overnight devil hands in the blood. blood devil will not only first-class players all Stuart home kill, will also house all of the sword all Stuart Xiaoduan. Stuart family affected by this insult, not few surviving elders are eagerly committed suicide, leaving an elderly, minority women and children. The elderly women and children escape into barren hills with the Jedi, patience shy, and worked hard sword to Jianxueqichi. Fifteen years later, Stuart robust family of adult children finally, we are trained in a good effort, so will be out and looking for revenge. did not realize that this time the devil has found traces of blood. So, Stuart family changed its name to Broken Sword door, to show not forget the shameful . a few hundred years later, Xue Jian Xu holds extraordinary ten children from the Broken Sword's crotch through the door, and the ancestral home in the Stuart line of three call-nine pious worship incense gift, on behalf of the devil to resolve this in a blood grudge. (see Cao hard ice based on the combination of the characteristics of Sichuan, where the natural scenery formed. in the Ming Dynasty, Emei martial arts certainly have developed their own techniques and style. clearly not Emei Master Monk preached prion browed Taoist preaching browed boxing, green duck duck Taoist preaching open boxing and so on. For the origins of Emei and technology system, a modern military circles different opinions: Some people will be circulated in Sichuan Province Huang Lin faction, than the door boxing, mangabeys boxing and other martial arts as a native of the basic content of Emei Quan; another person spread of modern times, monks in Sichuan, Yue Du, Zhao, Hong, technology, word, will wait for eight, Huang Lin, points easily, Tiefo, Qingcheng , to send five young cattle, grouped as Emei. Emei martial arts school as described in the early primary by Haizhulouzhu, the underlying energy throughput Feijian into God into the earth's Sword series, the latter is more simple , to a certain extent, see the features of this Emei martial arts to create Emei Jianpai, Qingcheng Jianpai so delicate and pretty neat to or characterized by strange powers but also draws.
Black Tiger Tang
a rapid rise in the rivers and lakes terrorist organization, as if Evil has been with the West rival. Heihu Church General Church and have three points under the Church - yellow dogs, wolves, pigeons. yellow dogs, wolves, pigeons. Yellow Dog Hall is responsible for tracking, Hall is responsible for fight wolves, pigeons Church's mission is responsible for spying and passing messages from various quarters. Heihu Hall development and growth, and the three sub-Church is inseparable from a high efficiency, especially pigeons Church , all the famous martial arts people's life experience, appearance, martial art and its strengths and hobbies, and in the hall has a record of the information. Heihu recruited by the Church of Flying Tiger Fang Yufei Yu sinister and ruthless, his treasure to build up a more design of a large conspiracy, and even tricks to force the heroes to whom rushing Liu Xiaofeng. But Lu Xiao Feng got to know the truth after a hard, Fang Yufei Evil also killed in the law enforcement Samuume the sword. (see Gu, )
Blackhand
rivers and lakes on a terrible secret. As they do, are in the ground, can not see the light of day, therefore, the organization known. their job is to kidnap, extortion, assassinations , assassination and so on. the five heads of terrorist organizations, like a black hand of five fingers were thumbs, index finger, ring finger, middle finger, little finger name. which is specially engaged in the assassination of his thumb and forefinger. thumbs from the palace when the magic eunuchs, by several large mass within the master pro, excel at cross-training boy Wild Bunch rare power. forefinger experience more strange, not only in the temple when he had Zhike Seng, the Gai negative than six bags, also had is the Jiangnan Feng Mei Gang, 十二连环坞 criminal Tangtang Zhu. forefinger and thumb have a bunch of killers, and that cooperation has been a long time, so they never failed assassination attempt. but to take powerful Black Hand organization, or ring finger, he was the so horrible because he nameless, rivers and lakes never know who is in the ring finger, no one saw him. He was extraordinary in the ocean is like a bubble, grains in a gram, people tend to wait until his knife have been piercing the heart when it is fully aware of his terrible.
to destroy heroes Fuhong Xue, ring finger and thumb, index finger three evil Gongzai Yu Bong Ju will of martial arts personally, in a fragrant tea Fuseshita heavy goods Murder , but still failed to succeed. (see Gu help Zongtan in such martingale, and recruit from a dozen monks in Tibet, Hebei, Liaoning plans to become chief martial arts. after the black heart blizzard ancestors ancestors were defeated, black heart to help an instant collapse of the collapse. (see Gu Grand Club

martial arena. Yumian Eagle Club ancient Sky God is. Xianglong social organization is divided into two parts, one agency within the organization, one community of foreign lines. Social Club to organize and three double-Proteus Long, three-Yao at the Court House, Crescent House, Jagged Court. Yao Ling Sun Court is responsible for the size of the dragon thing, Crescent Court, the branch outside the church community to guide light and dark mouth of a living trading, Jagged Court is a criminal court, in charge of the rewards and punishments work. Social foreign lines, you accept the Court's overall control of the new moon, but on a regional basis, each regional head of a large set, two deputy heads, responsible for around the business. every major head of jurisdiction size variable, the amount of parishes have different. in various parishes, the first one with copper, iron the first two, to lead a number of people operating business. (see Wo Lung Sheng . Bangzhu lay covered jiu jiu, for previous years by heavy losses in the fighting arena and retired. then out of the mountains, in collusion with the imperial Jin Yiwei, using martial arts skills training competent professionals Mountain killer, Jin Yiwei's reserve forces training . covered by the court so fed jiu. (see Yat Siu, Jianpai chief for the Five Sacred Mountains, bit looking respected, is still not willing, will take the saying Jianpai one, the result has been harmful and harm, Songshan School has finally decline. (see Jin Yong's Church teaching
whose real name is Sun and the Moon. teach Xiening of the believers, specifically with the Orthodox Church against the door, killing much, notorious, and are good at martial arts and more sinister evil designs, it is to teach human devaluation of the Evil, Zongduo set cliff in the dark wood. Ten years ago the elders of the second attack Evil Mountain, won the name of the martial arts action arena Cheats specifically smoking opponents internal force, rivers and lakes in the dreaded. he was aware of people living under its unassailable unwilling to deliberately awarded the , usurp the leader of the place. Swordsman Closed Palace to attend With the help of the right to Xiang Wentian escape death row at the end of West Lake ...

Facial rhytidectomy

 Facial rhytidectomy
Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, director of safe patient
Professor Ma Jiguang Welcome
Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences of plastic surgery clinics
Ping in Beijing, China Academy of Medical Sciences Plastic Badachu Surgical Hospital is the most prestigious cosmetic surgery hospital.
institute under the China Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, is the first graduate of the plastic surgery training base, with more than 40 professors with senior professional titles and the team of physicians, her graduate training and continuing education students throughout the country.
For the convenience of the people inside and outside of Beijing for treatment, the hospital opened in Beijing on peace in the cosmetic surgery clinic was January 19, 2001 officially opened!
The clinic is located in the famous Ping Street, Beijing, in the past with convenient transportation facilities, fully equipped, comfortable visits by outstanding senior hospital doctors surgery and consulting services host.
exact Ping clinics Location: Ping An Lixi Street, Xicheng District, Beijing Post Code No. 4: 100035
Tel: 66182233
subject site: www.pinganzhengxing.com
Tel: 66151156 (fax, Ma Zhuren Office)
Facial rhytidectomy
Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences plastic surgery face and neck, director of the Center Director Wang Jiaqi
Ping Ma Jiguang
one patient, the classification of facial rhytidectomy
1. by facial rhytidectomy the site
(1) the amount of rhytidectomy (2) surface 1 / 3 rhytidectomy (3) temporal rhytidectomy (4) surface, the lower 2 / 3 rhytidectomy (5) neck Rhytidectomy
(6) full-face resurfacing
2. divestiture by face lift surgery when the level of
(1) subcutaneous rhytidectomy (2) SMAS rhytidectomy (3) subperiosteal Rhytidectomy (4) multi-level complex of deep plane rhytidectomy
3. According to equipment classification
(1) endoscopic rhytidectomy
(2) Laser Beauty rhytidectomy
that these several categories are not completely independent, are interrelated. sometimes intertwined should be used, depending on the circumstances more appropriate to choose the surgical method, which can obtain satisfactory results, and avoid unnecessary trouble.
1. the top of the superficial temporal vein branch
2. frontal branch of superficial temporal vein
3. jugular vein
4. auricular nerve
5.
facial nerve parotid duct frontal branch of the branch
1 2 3 zygomatic cheeks (lower) marginal mandibular branch 4 5 cervical branches
Mitz and Peyronie1976
Superfacial superficial aponeurosis System Muscular system muscles Aponeurotic
two frontal Rhytidectomy
eliminate or improve the forehead, glabella, nasion wrinkles, correction of crow's feet, brow and upper eyelid skin laxity. based on the degree of aging and requirements of patients with different surgical methods to improve the local aging, common surgical procedures There are several.
(a) directly on the raised eyebrow surgery
1. surgical technique
(1) cut: According to the drooping eyebrows choose a different shape in different parts of incision, excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of different shapes .
(2) Separation: within the subcutaneous tissue along the incision in the skin peel on, for special patients, their scope should be enough to peel.
(3) suture: subcutaneous tissue and skin sutured.
2. indications
eyebrow raised up to frontal surgery than cosmetic effects, can still be used as: ① redundant upper eyelid skin auxiliary plastic surgery. ② separate line correction of bilateral drooping eyebrows. ③ When both sides of the asymmetric eyebrows , the possible side alone raised eyebrow to corrective surgery. ④ tattoo eyebrow removal of the failure of the whole or part requires eyebrow resection.
3. complication
(1) early postoperative swelling is obvious, then gradually swelling, may from time to deal with.
(2) recurrence: a few years will be maintained under normal circumstances, not pay attention to skin care such as surgery, some patients will quickly relapse.
(3) inflammatory response: a rare, mostly by sutures cause, timely application of antibiotics given.
(4) scar clear: the general was not obvious, as obvious scar, can not find the exact cause, the line tattoo cover up.
(b) of the wrinkles between the eyebrows Correction
1. glabellar suture removal wrinkles wrinkle along the eyebrow to ask for elliptical excision, including skin, subcutaneous tissue and some frown muscle resection, hemostasis, layered suture wounds (muscle, subcutaneous and skin).
surgical method of permanent scar left in the eyebrows should be carefully chosen, on the face than skin color than red or black patients, but should carefully.
2. frowning muscle ablation inside the eyebrows or forehead for the incision, separation of the scope of frown muscles, remove part or all of the frown muscles. may be conducted under the endoscope, particularly making the case the amount of incision.
This procedure applies to the more developed frown muscles, the patient those who do not want to forehead scar.
complications: ① correction is not complete, ② oppression caused by subcutaneous scar contracture bad, shape is not ideal.
(c) horizontal forehead wrinkles direct suture removal
Board Ma. supine position, 75% alcohol disinfection of the face, the forehead wrinkles to be removed at the design of incision, local injection of lidocaine 0.5% (within plus epinephrine 1:100 000), anesthesia satisfaction of the incision along the design will skin excision, hemostasis, 5m0 subcutaneous absorbable suture, non-invasive skin closure sutures, dressings. postoperatively without using antibiotics, wound suture removal 1 week. choose this method, be careful, made it clear to the patient will form a permanent scar after surgery.
(d) Removal of forehead wrinkles cosmetic surgery
1. surgical procedure
(1) Anesthesia: local or general anesthesia, according to the patient situation to be.
high hairline scar and can accept the forehead, using the hair of the central forehead incision edge design, and gradually into the hair. anesthetic satisfaction, along the scalp incision to the periosteum.
(3) stripping : In the subgaleal layer or lower the amount of muscle to blunt or sharp dissection, the level of organization is loose, easy to peel; to both sides of the strip extends to the lateral brow, carefully separating the fibrous connections supraorbital margin ( outside to inside), not to damage the supraorbital nerve. stripped down to the eyebrows, the nasion Free Ministry, confirmed that frown muscle and excised or cut off, can reduce or eliminate the vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows. Separation of muscle between the eyebrows fall off eliminating or reducing wrinkles nasion Department rampant. sometimes cut off or the removal of frown muscles between the eyebrows down muscle and trochlear nerve injury when the branch, but did not find a local numbness after the main complaint. supraorbital margin above the level of cut in the amount of muscle, so that the full relaxation of the forehead, to eliminate forehead wrinkles. The incision has the advantage of generating fresh wound, not to cut the amount of muscle surgery, removal of the amount of muscle will lead to to produce artificial appearance. to both sides of the superficial temporal fascia stripped to near the level of the zygomatic arch can be.
(4) bleeding: In order to avoid massive bleeding, should be sub-incision surgery carried out should be those of the surgeon and his assistant cut both sides of the scalp, or on top of wallet, or the edge of the cut before the incision was sutured. Application of electric coagulation, or surgical ligation of bleeding, to prevent postoperative bleeding and blood clots, infection and thus affect the results of operations.
( 5) resection, suture: removal of excess scalp, along the direction of the hair follicle to reduce hair loss patients. Notice to retain under the removal of subgaleal scalp to 2-0 absorbable suture subgaleal, reduce tension, reduce operation scar and local depression, 4 silk interrupted suture the scalp.
(6) place the drainage strip: After suture, placed rubber strips or rubber drainage tube drainage, and suction drainage device.
(7) dressing: place the gauze and gauze and pad, bandage.
(8) post-operative treatment: antibiotics 3d, 24 ~ 48h removal of drainage or in drainage.
2. complication
(1) nerve damage: mainly the amount of nerve injury, is not familiar with operations due to rough or dissected.
(2) hair loss or alopecia: temporary hair loss (especially temporal) is due to reduced blood supply to hair follicles caused by ,2-3 months, gradually ease, the incidence of permanent hair loss is about 1% -3%. reasons: first flap separation too thin, damaged hair follicles, or use the electric knife injury of the hair follicle separation; incision suture tension is too large, the hair follicle degeneration. hair transplantation possible correction.
(3) scar or hypertrophic scar: scar or postoperative scar is the result of excessive tension caused by suture. If this complication may be six months after surgical correction. to avoid this from happening is to cut the design in a relatively hidden location of the site and intraoperative removal of tissue mass 不要 many and Daozhi tension is too large. it should cause people to note that cut design in the scar at the hairline, where the scar or scar and irregularly shaped scar is difficult to correction.
(4) infection: rare, largely because of the strict sterilization or aseptic concept is not strong and the resulting hematoma caused by bleeding. Once postoperative infection should be given prompt such as drainage or antibiotics.
(5) hematoma: rare is the result of a thorough intraoperative and postoperative bleeding is not caused by poor drainage. For a small hematoma may be handled, for large hematoma should be promptly removed, to avoid affecting the healing.
(6) itching: After the first few weeks may have itching, it does not happen often, will gradually disappear, do not have to do special processing. The reason may be related to flap nerve regeneration. For the intolerable itching, itching and sedation drugs can be applied to the treatment, iso triazine, each 2.5m5mg, once every 4-6h.
(7) numbness: After the initial numbness may be, is due to surgery dissection flap in the region will govern the injured nerve. Usually, no special treatment, 6 to 8 months return to normal. there permanent numbness rare.
(8) correction to have is: the amount of forward on the flap of tissue migration and excessive removal of skin, there is the phenomenon of correction to have. patients
III midface rhytidectomy
midface rhytidectomy is split between the eye and mouth cleft surgery
(a)
midfacial surgical indications for forehead rhytidectomy chin and neck wrinkles and aging is not obvious, obvious eye area wrinkles and loose skin of the cheek patients.
(b) of the operative techniques
1. narcotic anesthesia, surgical dissection limited in scope, and peeling layers are not deep.
2. incision into the design of the tragus hair up in front of about 4 ~ 5crn, extending down to the ear lobe.
3. incision and dissection along the design line of 0.5% lidocaine injection, After satisfactory anesthesia, skin incision along the design line, subcutaneous dissection. divestiture range: meet or exceed the nasolabial fold forward and upward over the outer canthus, mouth to the issued, severe up to the submandibular 线.
4.SMAS the Treatment of parotid gland from the front surface of the tragus started under the SMAS dissection, incision SMAS, the SMAS SMAS flap was separated form. range to the zygomatic process, down to the lower jaw line, the transfer to the nasolabial fold area of the zygomatic major muscle SMAS on the surface. SMAS flap will form the back and push forward, to do with 4m0 absorbable mattress suture, the SMAS flap were fixed in the deep temporal fascia, front fascia surface of the ear and mastoid surface of the sternocleidomastoid only point, the flap back the same way too over the top fixed.
5. resection and suture sutured after the removal of excess skin.
Fourth, the amount of the amount of temporal rhytidectomy
also known as the surface of the temporal rhytidectomy l / 3 rhytidectomy, is the frontal and temporal rhytidectomy surgery together. feature is that it can eliminate the stripes and the forehead, eyebrow asked wrinkles, nasal horizontal pattern, but also to remove crow's feet, drooping eyebrows and corrected, the lower eyelid skin laxity.
(a) indications
rhytidectomy basically the same amount, in the amount of rhytidectomy on the basis of combined and lower eyelid skin laxity and wrinkles increase of eyelids.
(b) surgical contraindications
(1) with the frontal rhytidectomy.
(2) midface skin not loose (of the eye below nose above the tragus ago) are not suitable.
(3) wrinkles not obvious.
(c) of the preoperative surgical preparation
3d, shampoo, shampoo, 1 day; 0.02% before surgery ld benzalkonium bromide soaking hair and shave in the surgical 2.5cm wide strip of hair (the hair should be away from the edge of about 5 ~ 6cm).
(d) operative
1. tragus up to the hair prior to their heads, and the contralateral design line convergence. incision within the hairline design line with the amount of rhytidectomy.
2. anesthesia: local anesthesia under general anesthesia and surgery in patients with specific conditions determine the anesthesia.
3. incision in the scalp and head along the design line to cut the periosteum, temporal superficial to deep temporal fascia, the layer of blunt and sharp dissection, dissection into the superior orbital margin and zygomatic arch above the level of treatment the amount of muscle and frown muscles (the same amount of rhytidectomy approach). incision along the temporal preauricular area down to the forward and the outer canthus anterior temporal, subcutaneous for blunt and sharp dissection. Peel levels to be consistent and not too deep, so as not to damage the facial nerve; but not too shallow, so as not to affect the flap blood supply and lead to flap necrosis, or damage hair follicles after the root cause alopecia.
4.SMAS treatment under the circumstances decision. In general, the SMAS (superficial temporal fascia) up pulling out to the appropriate position, folded on the 1st suture thread, or open suture, or the removal of part of the SMAS suture.
5. resection and suture: flap suture to the proper position after the first fixation, removal of excess skin, followed by intermittent subcutaneous and skin suture.
6. dressings: gauze, gauze pad, bandage.
(V) the same amount of postoperative management
rhytidectomy.
(f) is essentially the same amount of postoperative complications
rhytidectomy. with the frontal lifting operation by different complications.
1 . facial nerve injury rarely occurs. Most of the patients in the stripping level too deep or the facial nerve branches to the various levels of ignorance. intraoperative cut will cause serious consequences, requiring careful observation during surgery and found that facial nerve injury, cut off should immediately line nerve anastomosis; caused by excessive traction, may be handled.
2. wound scar general wound scar is not obvious, and for six months or 1 year later will become very obvious. But For patients in the removal of skin caused by excessive tension is too big to easily lead to significant scar formation, influence outcome. a very small number of patients appeared in front of the ear keloids, may be associated with the physique.
3. skin necrosis rarely occurs . But this happens, patients will cause great suffering. There are several reasons:
(1) local tension is too large: most of intraoperative removal of excess skin tissue caused by the formation of hematoma or postoperative To. To avoid this, intraoperative sentinel to be accurate, removal of excess skin is too tight when you first try, or whether there is tension, the tension is not re-determine the removal of skin.
(2) infection: surgical operations and caused violent skin tissue damage, strict aseptic technique and postoperative hematoma caused. To avoid such a situation, requiring surgery in the operation carefully, strictly in accordance with non-invasive technology for aseptic operation, intraoperative bleeding completely.
4. alopecia the same amount of rhytidectomy.
five surface of 2 / 3 rhytidectomy
surface of 2 / 3 of the following rhytidectomy is the eyes, neck, facial rhytidectomy above.
( a) Indications
(1) 40 years old healthy female. (2) the amount of loose skin and wrinkles not obvious. (3) surface were significantly lower skin relaxation.
(b) Anesthesia
under the circumstances of the patient and surgical anesthesia, local anesthesia can also be carried out under general anesthesia. generally choose local anesthesia.
subcutaneous dissection surgery alone】 【
(1) incision design: the ear up to the front panel within the hairline, down to the ear lobe, around the top of the post-auricle.
(2) cut: anesthesia satisfaction of the skin incision along the design lines, in the subcutaneous layers were blunt and sharp dissection, to be stripped to maintain the same level of peel, peel too deep to avoid injury of the facial nerve and superficial peeling off of skin flap blood supply. divestiture range: up to the lower eyelid, inward to the nasolabial fold, down to the chin.
(3) bleeding: Intraoperative electrical condenser complete hemostasis.
(4) fixed, cut and stitching: the direction of the lateral flap up after pulling off a suitable location to be fixed a few needles, removal of excess skin, the skin with silk suture and skin. suture placed after the rubber drainage tube drainage or in vacuum.
(5) dressing: put the oil operation areas in order yarn, flat yarn and pad, bandage.
【flap and SMAS dissection flap at the same time surgery】
(1) incision design: the case of a simple skin peel surgery.
(2) cut: the scope of the same incision and peeling skin peeling above the simple surgery, SMAS dissection, and then pull the top of the SMAS out pulled, folded or cut to form after suturing fascia sutured after excision of excess skin suture.
(3) bleeding.
(4) fixed, removal of excess skin and sutures.
( 5) Peel the skin with simple surgical dressing exactly the same.
six, full facial full facial rhytidectomy rhytidectomy
refers to the entire facial surgery, from forehead to chin and neck surgery. operation range, operation large wound, requiring the surgeon carefully.
(a) indications.
(1) non-systemic, systemic disease (including heart, liver, kidney and other organs without structural or functional lesions and hematologic diseases).
(2) 45 years old or older.
(3) or facial skin, facial wrinkles and more relaxed.
(b) of the contraindications
(1) is not obvious forehead wrinkles .
(2) younger, mean 40 years of age.
(3) surface under the 2 / 3 of the loose skin is not obvious.
(4) had systemic, systemic disease.
( c) Anesthesia
large range of the operation, extensive wounds, blood loss more unbearable under local anesthesia, general anesthesia should be chosen.
(d) operative
1. incision design: cut line is designed around the ear weeks, the temporal incision design line hair, that is from within the temporal hairline and forehead hair Tonggao Chu started down Wancheng arc, into the hairline in 4cm, upward and contralateral incision line in the header at the top of the design phase convergence (ie, coronal incision), the first Pi Neiqie mouth hair design line from the edge should be about 5 - 6cm; feet down to the helix along the helix under the rear feet turning wrinkles along the ear the side of the screen, down to the earlobe, tragus line can be designed before the incision is straight, but its easy to see traces of surgery, even if little or almost no, they should be cut into a curved line design; around the ear lobe to ear lobe sulcus, along the back into the arc of auricular sulcus (about 90.) into the hair in about 2 ~ 3cm, to avoid the formation of an acute angle and the tip of the neck flap flap tip necrosis and reduce the recurrence of skin relaxation. < br> 2. incision and dissection along the coronal scalp incision to the skull periosteum, in the subgaleal layer under the blunt and sharp dissection, up to eyebrow level, dealing with frown muscles and the amount of muscle. incision along the design line skin incision from the top of the temporal beginning of the organization to the subcutaneous tissue shear stretching upward to the forehead hairline to the superficial temporal fascia (as this area is relatively free of blood vessels), the organization's sharp dissection scissors forward to continue to separate until the temporal full-thickness flap off to ensure that patients are not due to hair loss caused by ischemia. to the zygomatic process at the skin peeling, keep peeling layers deep, however, especially after the middle cheek, to avoid injury facial nerve zygomatic branch and buccal branches. In the surface layer of SMAS dissection, will not damage the facial nerve. facial aging is not obvious, especially the nasolabial fold is not obvious who can peel the middle range to the surface; on the nasolabial fold more obvious, they will be dissection extended to the nasolabial fold at the very few go beyond the nasolabial fold. often the zygomatic arch apparent fat pad for the aging neck skin peeling .. (a double chin), the stripping operation should be continued to the neck ; the platysma treatment without surgery or lower jaw without fat resection, can be stripped to the midline. If two or more units are required, or excessive loose neck skin, the peel should extend the range, from one side to the other side, are connected to both sides so far. For to do the submental incision, the natural folds in the skin should choose online, you can cover up the scars left behind after surgery. chin down to the lower part of incision can not be moved to the neck, to do so The result is easy to see the scar. chin and neck on both sides of the lower part and connected after fully stripping cervical area is easy to see the vision, when the stripping is completed, we will find the normal form of the neck flap because of the situation arising from curl reserved. subcutaneous fat neck flap 3 ~ 4mm thick, close to the neck skin to avoid postoperative neck muscles, resulting in irregular neck. on both sides of the neck flap to the midline from the peel should be careful operation, platysma to avoid damage due to the platysma and the skin near the midline adhesion closer, especially in the subcutaneous fat, platysma with or less were more common in the shallow platysma were stripped, will not damage the facial nerve neck and the marginal mandibular branch
3.SMAS processing
(1) SMAS of folding:
1) Indications: SMAS relaxation, such as SMAS lift back on the pull with tweezers, meet the lower loose skin improved, it should be the line SMAS folding.
2) SMAS turndown: In SMAS folding (or folding) process, you must first clamp and grip the SMAS lift it, back on the direction of advance, you can see facial flaps were hanging up, and to improve the situation of the nasolabial fold and chin. SMAS fold the same week also improved relaxation mouth. This reduces the tension of the skin of cheek.
relatively plentiful in the face or SMAS fold in patients with a round face, the cheek due to filling of postoperative facial more rounded feel of postoperative results. the face of patients with type suitable for thin SMAS fold, so that some of the face look more plump before the surgery, the postoperative results Good.
(2) SMAS partial nephrectomy: the subcutaneous tissue along the incision below the zygomatic prominence separate parts, starting here separated from the SMAS, forward to the tragus at, and continue down to the neck, which may be including the platysma platysma, including continuous or phase. and then in the temporalis muscle below the screen in front of the ear down to the mandibular (lower jaw away from the edge of at least 4cm) or neck level for a straight line incision, and then make a transverse incision at the top , and the formation of the SMAS flap off at the top of the fascia flap excision for the triangle, and then fixed up the silk suture the fascia.
4. subperiosteal dissection in the supraorbital margin, and lateral eyebrow zygomatic arch incision between the upper edge of the periosteum of about 1.5cm, with sub-periosteal stripping down in the subperiosteal incision, stripped to the outside inward and from the cheekbones and upper jaw anterior periosteum of the inferior orbital rim on the inner of pear-shaped hole edge, outer edge of the mandible ramus, issued the top of the gingival buccal sulcus.
5. platysma treatment
(1) platysma resection: If you want to neck angle of jaw further better should be at least 4cm from the edge of the mandible at the leading edge and trailing edge platysma resection, and then move forward platysma flap suture and re-grant.
(2) platysma in transverse cut: chin neck angle for those who disappeared, can be considered the top half of the platysma were rampant off, and then cut off the top of the suture to the chin, passes down the lower part of the wound after suture.
6. chin and neck too fat processing
(1) Liposuction: Liposuction surgery for suitable local fat and loose skin are more obvious who. liposuction, note the level of aspiration and to maintain the same level of suction, to avoid postoperative depression and other deformities.
(2) fat removal: application of liposuction for little effect may be considered by this method. submental area first to design a length of about 2 ~ 3cm the incision line, design line skin incision along the subcutaneous tissue, the skin peeling, so that the chin and neck fat exposure, excision of the fat, should pay attention to retain a thin layer of fatty tissue, the wound to stop bleeding completely, the tension and remove the chin redundant neck skin, subcutaneous tissue with silk sutures and the skin turn.
7. fixed, cut and sew first head of fixed coronal incision, removal of excess scalp tissue; the SMAS fixation suture after removal of excess skin should pay attention to the face and neck, the direction of stretch on the outside flap, flap tension, but great attention to avoid flap necrosis after surgery, and then followed with silk suture subcutaneous tissue and skin.
8. dressing, place the Oil yarn, flat yarn and pad, bandages wrapped line.
facial aging relative if the patient is not heavy, and did not want around the ear after surgery scar appeared, just before the upper temporal area and the ear forward, subcutaneous superficial fascia layer was separated and SMAS, SMAS, and proper removal of the skin, above the main pulling tight with subperiosteal dissection, but also very effective in the overall Department of younger.
(e) after treatment < br> (1) After antibiotic 3d, to prevent infection.
(2) to observe the situation of wound drainage, 24 ~ 48h dressing, removal of drainage or in drainage.
(3) 7d facial stitches, 10d remaining stitches will be removed.
(f) any surgical complications
there will be complications, face lift surgery is no exception. surgeon must be able to recognize this and be able to handle it. All face a common complication of rhytidectomy as follows:
1. Hematoma
(1) rate: hematoma, surgical face lift is the most common complication, occurred abroad, reported earlier was 4.2% (1975 years ago), from 1975 to 1980, the incidence decreased to 2%, which prohibits taking aspirin before surgery drugs, smoking, primarily with surgery and careful postoperative observation and so on. Although the hematoma Facial Rejuvenation roughly 70% of postoperative complications, but its consequences are not catastrophic, serious differential diagnosis and proper treatment can solve the problem, but after a disastrous problem is not recognized hematoma occurred and to give timely treatment.
(2) postoperative hematoma and clinical characteristics of the time: within 24h after surgery patients should be closely observed, especially after 6 ~ 8h. Most hematomas are occurring during this period, surgical physician should always be careful to take complaints and signs of patients change, such as pain (especially pain swelling, and more weight), anxiety, nausea, high blood pressure, etc. These symptoms and signs are likely to be caused by the hematoma; there other signs, such as everted lips, cheeks and neck become stiff inflation; change the color of oral mucosa.
(3) preventive measures
1) close observation of intraoperative attention to changes in blood pressure and avoid severe high blood pressure conditions (other than drugs, such as with epinephrine injection plus lidocaine). Once the significant increase in blood pressure, should identify the cause and take appropriate measures (such as administration of drugs) to control the ideal range inside.
2) pain in patients with intraoperative try not to make patients more relaxed and in the case of painless surgery. Most patients will begin in a few hours after surgery discomfort or pain, because at this time of narcotic drugs began to weaken the role, especially under local anesthesia.
3) patients in the careful operation, master detachment level, to avoid damage blood vessels and nerves to vascular injury or bleeding, ligation or coagulation time.
4) postoperative suction drainage tube placed and properly bandaged.
(4) measures: Postoperative hematoma and bleeding if found, should be dealt with immediately, if necessary, return to the operating room, the suture removal hematoma after removal, carefully check the bleeding site and give ligation to avoid the appearance of hematoma caused by flap tension is too large, resulting in the phenomenon of skin flap necrosis, infection-prone a hematoma, adverse wound healing.
2. Edema: no edema is very obvious, you can not give special treatment, surgery should not be wrapped too tight, too tight can cause poor blood flow and lymphatic flow and increased edema. after the patients head slightly, which will help venous return. Some people think that surgery After the (24 ~ 48h in) cold compress will reduce swelling.
3. seroma: flap seroma may occur, cheek common. generally does not require special treatment, usually takes 4 to 6 weeks are free absorption, absorption few wrinkles.
4. ecchymosis: Postoperative hematoma or any other reason there is extensive bleeding, in which case, understand the patient's medical history is very important; patients will provide you with a reference value history, such as prone to fall after the swollen, explained to the patient, in which case a few weeks will subside on their own, no need to worry about.
5. nerve injury
(1) sensory nerve damage: most likely to damage The nerve is the great auricular nerve. will set off the neck skin flap from the sternocleidomastoid muscle should operate carefully to avoid injury of the great auricular nerve; slender patients in the comparison even more so, this great auricular nerve in patients mostly close to and easily attached to the flap damage. auricular nerve is usually in the ear canal through the sternocleidomastoid muscle below the 6 to 7 in the abdomen, if during the separation process accidentally cut the nerve, immediately under the magnifying glass to repair and may restore its function. For the supply of the face and temporal dominance of superficial sensory nerve, setting off a neck flap to be cut off, do not need mind these nerve branches. Patients will have the feeling of being lost or changed ( for the separation region and the edge of the ear lobe and the part). fairly can be restored within a short period of time, usually 3 to 4 months. it clear to the patient before surgery this. Only a very small number of patients did not return to normal.
(2) motor nerve injury: is easy to damage the motor nerve temporal branch facial nerve. Once the damage will be obvious signs of nerve damage, such as the damaged area can not be on the raised eyebrows and frown, and sagging eyebrows that ipsilateral the disappearance of forehead wrinkles. The reason may be surgery when electric cautery to stop bleeding condenser hemostatic suturing injured nerve ligation does not accidentally included, more often nerve stretch, almost all patients will be over time improvement over, the recovery of about 2 to 6 months. If this happens, and patients should discuss, tell the patient what happened and hope that happens (that is, expect it to recover to a certain extent and improvement). in its fully restored before, every 3 to 4 weeks to conduct an inspection. In thinner patients face lift surgery, buccal branch of the facial nerve may be injured. the last few years in the literature, often of the facial nerve reports of damage to the marginal mandibular branch, which usually occurs in those who are not experienced surgeon, especially to try to extensive dissection and SMAS platysma surgery. mandibular branch from the mandibular angle mandibular at least 4cm, surgeon decided to platysma separation line, at least 4cm should be stripped from the mandibular to avoid injury of the marginal mandibular branch.
(3) spinal nerve injury: spinal accessory nerve injury can cause muscle atrophy, usually posterior neck dissection during the extensive damage to the nerve when the easy. spinal nerve is usually in the sternocleidomastoid piercing, incision should be chosen far away from the back of the neck of the fine to avoid nerve damage.
6. scar: Although surgery operation is very careful, very careful post-operative treatment, but still a small number of patients with poor wound healing occurs, and obvious scar; scar tissue after surgery or several weeks months will not only become larger and larger, and there could be scar hyperplasia. This situation can easily occur in darker skin person, or a ruddy, freckled person. When the scar, the scar can be taken glucocorticoids within the injection drug method, which can lead to scar contraction, no scar surgery again; began within days of injection may reduce the scar of red, itching and discomfort. However, the scar corticosteroid injection medicines should be careful, because some patients atrophic scar in the future there are yellow crystals. If you later want to make a scar surgery, attention should be sutured.
7. skin necrosis: The main reason is the incision tension is. This may be caused by hematoma, superficial infection, more common reason is that in the case of larger suture tension can be related to long-term heavy smoking, which may be generated from blood circulation distal causes . Postoperative dressing is also a result of excessive pressure ...

Western Quality Education Experience

 This afternoon, invited by the eldest son to the school to see the second, how old the children for their own elected government. First of all I and many of the parents watched the 7th grade students built a recyclable garbage called maritime city the most qualified to do them a party this . First, to send three representatives of each party came to power. Each party has 3 minutes of presentation time. The first party is called the City Party exciting time. Here I share some of the wonderful I remember asking and answering questions.
Q: expert of the party, when the problem arises how are you going to deal with?
: Government not an expert, but our government Experts have backed any problem we have the professional decisions.
Q: Independence Party, you will not do some immature decisions?
A: If the election there will be no premature mature decision.
Q: People's Party, how do you manage your internal problems.
A: Any decision we will vote, we will not allow a person to ensure that the right has too much.
Q: City of the party, how do you ensure that every member of the public will be able to express their views and get their rights?
A: The people do not come to the meeting was his own fault, because he lost the opportunity to elaborate their point of view to give up their rights.
expert boards
Party People's Party boards
haha ...... a question and answer their parents and teachers to bend forward smile back, from time to time, and give them heartfelt applause. forty minutes of question time seems like enough to be forced to end.
Xiangmoxiangyang these kids standing there speaking, answering all kinds of ; their questions. as if he is already ruling out!
the next 2 minutes for each party's summary of another time, smaller parties are the concluding remarks of my most memorable few words:
when you hungry to provide food for you; when you are sick to provide you with health care; This is the government you need, please vote for us.
how to do the best decision? This is the city needs our reason! Please vote for us!
picture shows the We can not close to the children. In order to prevent more than one vote, every .
son got home I asked which party to support? He said he supports the take off! haha. I am pleased to see such an election! I really appreciate the focus on the overall quality of the education of students. This kind of education that I never had. Today it even makeup!

My comprehension through (xv)

 In addition to another space
this space to survive outside the body, there is another room or more space exists, the existence of a strong system, but also the presence of small monomer (that is with the system is relatively weak, not to say energy), when you read my experience, I believe that no one could doubt.
another space, the existence of a Buddhist world, hence the saying the existence of the world, as well as Islam, India, Christian, Jewish and many other world existence. Of course there are single life sects argue over whom no particular sect of the debate go? Therefore, the possibility of no particular sect of the biggest achievements.
I do not believe, to the first contact with the Dharma, and later the key to my master, I feel the two Dharma is the greatest feeling that the greater the greater the consumer industry. First contact is not a Buddhist, but the kind of life not feel the effect of a second, so that I can trust and enter One of the Dharma, and gradually realize that the existence of a number of Dharma. My master gave me the feeling that Dharma is the same depth, so I pursued him to convert the world to continue to practice True Buddha. so that I know, Love is not only a Buddhist two So:
I practiced a Buddhist work, converted to a Buddhist, but I admit that many more energy will be supported to be integrated into the alternate storage space to each other. and so we reached such a high state, we only see a space, and not so much space, not so much ; CD. storage, is fundamental. you can not destroy anyone, you can only, and all the Dharma, and Dharma is not the same in a space, unless you destroy their own and not with the common ground.
Furthermore, if the blessings given type can not be changed , then strong support is who? Therefore, under certain conditions, causality can be changed, but new because they can get new results. such as: How much knowledge is a direct way to change the destiny. schoolchildren and university students fate is certainly not the same, single-wage income from speaking, his position set points. So, access to knowledge is to change the fate of a different way. Therefore, it is the master said, of excessive force who is easy to lose business, why the case also? too much is easy to dementia, those who are out of Shun Zhi Li, sailing through the wind, the wind will be off the pole over Shengze Fan. the cause of the strong, surface stress Erfu hungry, the victims and meet all of the courage Front this logic, since when the weak and the like, the cause of the weak by the title of non-sharing, home impermanent changing Affairs Act, it is inhuman hand the belief that, should into the industry, built by a gentleman Pressure can also Eph hundred hungry. knowledge of the door, well non-professional science, classical and if so, same is the case the University, the treasure house of knowledge portal, is cultural knowledge and social existence and consciousness of intercourse were obtained, only the University, Dr. Li, and Frederick Du solution method will be quality material, the book is spent, how the ear into the door beams. br> Some of my fellow practitioners, he went in their favor pull in that respect, as if the Buddha as he explained. Who made money said it was good fortune, Shangshi to repair, not the objective factors taken into account, not to the opportunities, tactics, knowledge of these factors into account. that I gave away, I released, I practice, I will just wait for the return of the Buddha. Buddha did not return, do not even say overweight and so on. Another example: You are Buddhists, Taoists things can not always talk about it does not know that a Buddhist, million naturalization law cases. There are some masters, want to state divisions, air everywhere to make irresponsible remarks countries of the world or events, but only Buddha did not say how. you think the world is a small number of Buddhist devotees, you say a million things to support, there may be hundreds of thousands of people to call you, so much negative information transmitted to you here, Buddha can you do it? So, lay Buddhist disciples have also affected many misunderstandings.
we are Buddhist, so the Buddha, and finally we become nothing, empty trip, how do we in the shade of space to those Chung, Rigid and exceptional audio and differences of distance, the other by the kinds of fruit were consequent different too, how science should be why fruit and black are the fruit out of black, red and red traces are reported. For the first enjoy the The hope fruit species will be the first by an initial, or made a brilliant beginning for the paper is as declared, were the old days and when prolonged, Yun: What ears? edge is to help the fruit of the result, if the color over the years, but also Vladimir impermanence, cause and effect of non-Wei Li is also, so awareness of the impermanence of action also increased from three industry was born, and why the change of impermanence? will result is a result of its also.
added: Mahayana Bodhicitta. and all end all by heart, all built on the right view, such as no right view, all hearts will be reversed, and confusion. In other words, there is a repair without a good enough right view. For example to pre bodhicitta can not repair it, and will become illusory Bodhi, false heart. because bodhicitta is established on the renunciation, that is, one must have real achievements of the liberation from the cycle of Zhuku heart, he knew reincarnation miserable, Not only Ziku, but as a father if the mother sentient beings are suffering in impermanence threading suffering, like off the pain, he would really practice, he will be issued from the Lily of the Bodhisattva, Bodhi heart before birth. But if the first from the centrifugal start repair, is wrong, is the sub-sequence of repair, will be cultivated itself into empty words out of, jump to confusion since the fans heart, this is very difficult to repair, the establishment can not renunciation of reality. so there must be a true renunciation, must be The first step was to specify uncertain environment, the second step must be convinced that the heart, convinced that the bitter cycle of impermanence, impermanence has firmly believe that the heart will suffer the fear, the heart will Xiu uncertain, with the impermanence of mind, renunciation will increasingly promote naturally from the reality of renunciation will be students. if the people do not understand the million law is in flux, the pain of impermanence reincarnation, on the establishment of a strong heart can not afford to go out of the idea of reincarnation, not out of the idea of reincarnation, do not will go to practice, do not want to Buddhism, not Buddhists, did not want to leave out, how could a renunciation do? so we can not pre-renunciation. Therefore, the first step, not the heart of impermanence, you can not enter a Buddhist .
Nyingma, Dzogchen majoring in law, by the law of Dharma has put it very well, but it is no real effort. Exorcist monk, another twenty years, rigorous discipline, the law on accessibility, a minor in the West by thick important Dafa, is a well-known abbot of the temple, but also preached to the teacher, but did not show significant amount of the actual card. I tell them: No matter what you and other repair Micheng Dafa, is surface dust build high-rise buildings, the establishment of the building can not, Even if the temporary repair, the moment that will collapse. I asked them to drop everything, practice known obstacles, specializing in test, to King Kong kung fu fist palm Fa Wu Lei, showing great power, volume of the actual card, but the Master did not show strength. Master went on to add repair I am talking about religious practices, in my careful guidance, He finally understood the importance of true cultivation actual practices must be practical in three industry work hard, that discount does not play, he added a three-month practice, the results show significant amount of the license test, he completely embodies the power of . Therefore, any practice can be so, such as the Law and the line held, you can get the real Buddhism, natural open skin great wisdom, from that five out of the false ideology, the body was five out of the real reality, the amount of card magic with the Road , and to make bodhi fruit of the land of Buddha.

With rising interest rates along with financial products revenue run rate hike

 Consignment by the Postal Savings Bank Not only to fill gaps in the current financial market, the interest rate rise with the characteristics also become investors against inflation in the Year of the Rabbit effective

It is understood that Hong Tianli A day tailored specifically for the ordinary people, starting from only 1,000 yuan. And the characteristics of a low-risk, because as the days of Hong Tianli product classification products, and its principal and income from the days of Hong Tianli B to bear; the same time, the day Hong Tianli A day excess return is the Hong Tianli B to enjoy. Compared with one year fixed deposits

, the day Hong Tianli A three-month period as an investment in the establishment of the first three months after the last working day of purchase and redemption for the open day, customers are free to purchase and redemption, but also in the purchase when there is no subscription fee, customers holding more than three months in redemption, and no redemption fees. This low threshold, low subscription rates and convenient and flexible way to give investors a real convenience.

as a financial products to attract investors, the important one is whether they can have a high income, capital preservation and other Hong Tianli A day as an innovative financial products, rate of return adjusted once every three months, according to one-year deposit rate was 1.3 times the investment cycle to calculate the agreement under what rate of return, so Lee With the interest rate rise, higher than the deposit interest income.

In addition, investors can also enjoy compound interest, this product every 3 months the last working day, Tim Lee A net value of fund shares adjusted to 1.000 yuan, Tim Lee A share conversion ratio by the corresponding number of changes in the customer's income is virtually the way compound interest calculations. (Financial Reporter Bo Qiu Wei Yuna of Tao Wu Lifeng strong correspondent)

These summer jobs can not understand

 Beginning of autumn's arrival, the hot summer is also about to end. The child must also be completed summer jobs, waiting for the start of the new semester.
Recently, in order to prepare children to do the Olympic Games tabloids and tabloid drama. Yesterday afternoon, I pulled out a PM time for children to find information, then print it out, but also to cut posts to complete the two papers together. spent several hours be considered done. Now the system is not advocating the teaching of children independent? may be on a first-grade children to said that to a person to complete a decent cut posts or have some problems reported. If a particular point of the tabloids do, not all parents credit it? for children did not make much sense.
is not too difficult to do this, more people can not understand is the child of a person to complete a DV. on a computer lesson not learned the children say, how could do these things? say something so, some children's home there is no digital camera and computer, to what it takes to complete these homework? teachers of these subjects, there was no thought of the reality of the problem? do not understand, ah, do not understand ~ ~ ~
in my mind, if a bunch of kids make a DV, this is not a good thing, but give the child to increase vanity. comparisons of the children will go to someone's father or mother more capacity.'re for complete the task, now you can do to get money. Some time ago I think twice, give their teachers a telephone call, said the idea of my own, and finally told the teacher I will not help children to complete the operation. If Children have the ability I would let him by you to complete the requirements.
these days, but also for friends who work past men working children. They provided teachers the summer must print out an essay, but also beautifully produced. Well fine ....the subject of each essay must be placed below the content of a composition that corresponds with the picture. Also, make a map as a cover. I asked her to look at writing is it not a beautiful page? rather than essay writing it really you? these unreasonable demands by teachers, parents can be frustrating enough to choke.
helpless, I had to help him find pictures again, but also for the cover of the so-called child find a suitable picture. These pictures were found and appropriate editing, toss a full eye on the monitor for several hours.
think of to do this, I spent unnecessary time and energy, and money. (to print color pictures, specifically to buy a can Color ink-jet) is not the child will be the last to get honor? This is only the teacher can give the answer.
Later, listening to friends talk about. Those children without computers at home, parents have children in order to complete the job, had to take to a computer shop to print. (with the cover printed almost 10 Zhang Zuowen 200)
I would like to ask the teacher, you thought of the parents feel? especially those who come from outside the child, how much extra money did not luxury to do this thing. If you do not complete, your teacher and the child will complain about it. I wish more teachers to consider for parents and children. Do not think you want to indulge in any honors.